Lot 371 A KUFIC-INSCRIBED GREEN HARDSTONE SEAL, 4TH–5TH CENTURY AH/10TH–11TH CENTURY AD

A finely carved rectangular green hardstone seal engraved in elegant early Kufic script arranged in two registers separated by a horizontal rule. The inscription is read as بعهدت محمد (bi-ʿahdat Muḥammad), "Under the covenant of Muḥammad," or "By the covenant of Muḥammad," expressing devotion to the Prophet through a concise pious formula. The angular, carefully proportioned lettering exemplifies the restrained epigraphic aesthetic characteristic of the eastern Islamic world during the 4th–5th century AH (10th–11th century AD). Executed in intaglio for use as a personal signet, the seal combines functional purpose with refined calligraphic artistry, while its polished green hardstone and balanced composition underscore the prestige of its original owner.